Brazilian Cheese Breads (Pão de Queijo) — Chewy Tapioca Cheese Rolls
Pão de queijo is a beloved Brazilian cheese bread from Minas Gerais, made with tapioca starch and semi-cured cheese. The rolls bake up crisp outside, stretchy inside, and naturally gluten-free.

Printable Recipe Card
Servings: 12 · Total: 45 min · Difficulty: medium
Ingredients (quick list)
- 500 g tapioca starch (Brazilian polvilho doce is traditional)
- 240 ml whole milk
- 80 ml neutral vegetable oil
- 8 g fine sea salt
- 3 large eggs
- 300 g semi-cured Minas cheese (finely grated; use cheese made with microbial or halal rennet if needed)
Steps (summary)
- Heat the oven to 200°C and line 2 rimmed baking sheets with parchment paper. Put the tapioca starch in a large heatproof bowl a…
- Combine the milk, 80 ml oil, and salt in a small saucepan and bring the mixture just to a boil over medium heat. Pour the hot l…
- Let the mixture cool for 10 minutes so the eggs will not scramble when added. Add the eggs one at a time, mixing thoroughly aft…
- Add the grated semi-cured Minas cheese and knead it into the dough with a spoon or lightly oiled hands for 2 minutes. The finis…
- Lightly oil your hands with 1 tsp oil and shape the dough into 24 balls, each about 35 g. Arrange them on the prepared baking s…
- Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, rotating the pans halfway through, until the rolls are puffed, lightly golden, and cracked in places…
Cultural Background
Rooted in Minas Gerais, pão de queijo reflects the region’s dairy culture and long use of cassava starch. It is eaten at breakfast, at café da tarde, and during Festa Junina celebrations across Brazil.
Equipment
💡 Tips
- Use finely grated cheese so it melts evenly through the tapioca dough and gives the rolls a uniform chewy texture.
- Do not skip the hot-milk step, because scalding the starch helps create the signature elastic crumb.
- For evenly sized rolls, weigh the dough into 35 g portions before shaping.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
❌ Adding eggs while the starch mixture is still very hot.
✅ Fix: Cool the mixture for 10 minutes before adding eggs so they incorporate smoothly instead of curdling.
❌ Using pre-shredded cheese coated with anti-caking starches.
✅ Fix: Grate the cheese fresh and finely so it melts into the dough and gives a cohesive texture.
❌ Underbaking the rolls.
✅ Fix: Bake until the rolls are puffed, lightly golden, and cracked; pale rolls often collapse and taste gummy.
🧊 How to Store
Store cooled pão de queijo in an airtight container at room temperature for 1 day or refrigerate for 3 days. Reheat at 180°C for 6 to 8 minutes until crisp outside and warm inside.
📅 Make Ahead
Shape the dough into balls and freeze them on a tray until solid, then store in a freezer bag for up to 2 months. Bake from frozen at 200°C for 26 to 30 minutes.
🍽️ Pairs Well With
- Brazilian coffee
- café com leite
- fresh fruit
- scrambled eggs
- guava paste.
Regional Variations
- In Minas Gerais, semi-cured Minas cheese is preferred for its tangy dairy flavor and good melting texture.
- Some home cooks blend polvilho doce with polvilho azedo for a slightly more sour flavor and a lighter puff.
- In parts of Brazil, pão de queijo is baked in small muffin tins when the dough is looser or blended.
Ingredients
- 500 gtapioca starch (Brazilian polvilho doce is traditional)
- 240 mlwhole milk
- 80 mlneutral vegetable oil
- 8 gfine sea salt
- 3large eggs
- 300 gsemi-cured Minas cheese (finely grated; use cheese made with microbial or halal rennet if needed)
🔄 Substitutions
- semi-cured Minas cheese→ equal weight of a mix of mild cheddar and Parmesan
- polvilho doce→ tapioca starch
- whole milk→ lactose-free whole milk
Instructions
- 1
Heat the oven to 200°C and line 2 rimmed baking sheets with parchment paper. Put the tapioca starch in a large heatproof bowl and break up any lumps with your fingers or a whisk.
- 2
Combine the milk, 80 ml oil, and salt in a small saucepan and bring the mixture just to a boil over medium heat. Pour the hot liquid over the tapioca starch in a steady stream while stirring with a sturdy spoon, then mix until the starch looks damp, pebbly, and slightly gelatinized.
- 3
Let the mixture cool for 10 minutes so the eggs will not scramble when added. Add the eggs one at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition until the dough becomes sticky, elastic, and slightly glossy.
- 4
Add the grated semi-cured Minas cheese and knead it into the dough with a spoon or lightly oiled hands for 2 minutes. The finished dough should be soft and tacky, but it should hold a rounded shape when scooped.
- 5
Lightly oil your hands with 1 tsp oil and shape the dough into 24 balls, each about 35 g. Arrange them on the prepared baking sheets with 4 cm of space between the balls because they will puff as they bake.
- 6
Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, rotating the pans halfway through, until the rolls are puffed, lightly golden, and cracked in places. Serve them hot or warm, when the crust is crisp and the cheese-starch center is at its chewiest.
🪪 Recipe Passport
Cultural Background
Rooted in Minas Gerais, pão de queijo reflects the region’s dairy culture and long use of cassava starch. It is eaten at breakfast, at café da tarde, and during Festa Junina celebrations across Brazil.
Regional Variations
Researched from multiple sources and validated by the Zaffaron editorial team. Every recipe is tested for accuracy, measurements, and cultural authenticity.
📚 Sources & Cultural References
- Leticia Moreinos Schwartz — The Brazilian Kitchen — (2010)
- Christopher Idone — Brazil: A Cook's Tour — (1995)
Sources cited by the Zaffaron editorial team during recipe research. Cultural and culinary references supporting authenticity claims.
Nutrition per serving
Pairs well with
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