Borani Esfenaj (بورانی اسفناج) — Persian Spinach and Yogurt Dip with Saffron and Walnuts
Borani Esfenaj is a refined Persian appetizer with roots often traced to pre-Islamic courtly cuisine. Silky yogurt and garlicky sautéed spinach are balanced by sweet caramelized onion, mint, and a saffron finish.

Printable Recipe Card
Servings: 6 · Total: 40 min · Difficulty: easy
Ingredients (quick list)
- 450 g Fresh baby spinach (washed and dried well)
- 200 g Yellow onion (thinly sliced)
- 30 ml Extra virgin olive oil (divided)
- 12 g Garlic (finely grated or minced)
- 5 g Sea salt (divided)
- 1 tsp Freshly cracked black pepper
- 2 tsp Dried mint (Persian dried mint if available)
- 0.1 g Saffron threads (about 1/8 tsp)
- 15 ml Hot water (for blooming saffron)
- 500 g Thick Greek yogurt or labneh (full-fat preferred for authentic texture)
- 40 g Toasted walnuts (coarsely chopped)
Steps (summary)
- Bloom the saffron by crushing the threads in a small bowl, then stirring in 15 ml hot water. Let it stand for 10 minutes so the…
- Caramelize the onion: heat 20 ml olive oil in a wide skillet over medium heat, then add the sliced onion and 2 g of the salt. C…
- Add the garlic to the onions and cook for 45–60 seconds until fragrant, stirring constantly so it does not brown. Transfer the…
- In the same skillet, add the remaining 10 ml olive oil and increase heat to medium-high. Add the spinach in batches, tossing ea…
- Season the spinach with the remaining 3 g salt, the black pepper, and 1 tsp of the dried mint, then stir in half of the caramel…
- In a mixing bowl, whisk the yogurt or labneh until smooth, then stir in the bloomed saffron (including all liquid) and the rema…
+ 1 more steps in the full instructions section below.
Cultural Background
Borani is a hallmark of Persian mezze-style hospitality, pairing cooked vegetables with yogurt for balance and elegance. Its courtly reputation is often linked to Sasanian-era dining, where saffron and herbs signaled refinement and abundance.
Equipment
💡 Tips
- Dry the spinach thoroughly before cooking; less water means a thicker, more luxurious borani.
- Cool the spinach mixture before combining with yogurt to keep the dip silky and prevent whey separation.
- Toast walnuts for 6–8 minutes at 160°C to intensify aroma, then chop only after cooling for cleaner pieces.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
❌ Mixing hot spinach into yogurt and ending up with a watery, split dip.
✅ Fix: Cool the spinach mixture at least 10 minutes, and ensure excess moisture is cooked off before folding into yogurt.
❌ Burning garlic during the onion stage, making the dip bitter.
✅ Fix: Add garlic only after onions are caramelized, and cook it under 60 seconds while stirring constantly.
❌ A thin borani that pools liquid on the plate.
✅ Fix: Use labneh or strained yogurt, and sauté spinach until the pan looks nearly dry before combining.
🧊 How to Store
Refrigerate borani in an airtight container for up to 3 days. Stir gently before serving and re-garnish with fresh walnuts and a new olive oil drizzle; avoid reheating, as warm yogurt can separate and dull the saffron aroma.
📅 Make Ahead
Caramelize the onions and cook the spinach up to 24 hours ahead, then chill separately. Mix with yogurt and saffron 1–2 hours before serving for the best texture and a well-rounded, mellow garlic flavor.
🍽️ Pairs Well With
- Sangak
- lavash
- pita
- sabzi khordan
- torshi
- olives
- radishes
Regional Variations
- Shiraz-style: add 10 ml verjuice to the yogurt for a brighter tang and serve extra chilled.
- Tehran party platter: pipe the borani into small cups and top each with walnuts and a saffron-oil dot.
- Northern Iran-inspired: replace half the spinach with 200 g sautéed wild greens and increase dried mint to 3 tsp.
Ingredients
- 450 gFresh baby spinach (washed and dried well)
- 200 gYellow onion (thinly sliced)
- 30 mlExtra virgin olive oil (divided)
- 12 gGarlic (finely grated or minced)
- 5 gSea salt (divided)
- 1 tspFreshly cracked black pepper
- 2 tspDried mint (Persian dried mint if available)
- 0.1 gSaffron threads (about 1/8 tsp)
- 15 mlHot water (for blooming saffron)
- 500 gThick Greek yogurt or labneh (full-fat preferred for authentic texture)
- 40 gToasted walnuts (coarsely chopped)
🔄 Substitutions
- Thick Greek yogurt or labneh→ strained plain yogurt
- Extra virgin olive oil→ clarified butter (ghee)
- Toasted walnuts→ toasted pistachios
Instructions
- 1
Bloom the saffron by crushing the threads in a small bowl, then stirring in 15 ml hot water. Let it stand for 10 minutes so the color and aroma fully develop while you cook the vegetables.
- 2
Caramelize the onion: heat 20 ml olive oil in a wide skillet over medium heat, then add the sliced onion and 2 g of the salt. Cook for 12–15 minutes, stirring often, until deep golden and sweet; lower the heat slightly if it starts to scorch.
- 3
Add the garlic to the onions and cook for 45–60 seconds until fragrant, stirring constantly so it does not brown. Transfer the onion-garlic mixture to a plate to stop the cooking and keep the flavor clean.
- 4
In the same skillet, add the remaining 10 ml olive oil and increase heat to medium-high. Add the spinach in batches, tossing each batch until wilted, and cook 3–5 minutes total until the moisture releases and most of it evaporates.
- 5
Season the spinach with the remaining 3 g salt, the black pepper, and 1 tsp of the dried mint, then stir in half of the caramelized onions. Cook 1 minute more to marry the flavors, then remove from heat and cool for at least 10 minutes so the yogurt will not split.
- 6
In a mixing bowl, whisk the yogurt or labneh until smooth, then stir in the bloomed saffron (including all liquid) and the remaining 1 tsp dried mint. Fold in the cooled spinach mixture until evenly combined, keeping some streaks of saffron for a marbled look if you like.
- 7
Taste and adjust seasoning by adding up to 1 g more salt if needed, then spread the borani into a shallow serving dish. Top with the remaining caramelized onions, scatter over the toasted walnuts, and finish with a 10 ml olive oil drizzle before serving.
🪪 Recipe Passport
Cultural Background
Borani is a hallmark of Persian mezze-style hospitality, pairing cooked vegetables with yogurt for balance and elegance. Its courtly reputation is often linked to Sasanian-era dining, where saffron and herbs signaled refinement and abundance.
Regional Variations
Researched from multiple sources and validated by the Zaffaron editorial team. Every recipe is tested for accuracy, measurements, and cultural authenticity.
Nutrition per serving
Pairs well with
If you enjoyed this recipe, here are a few related Zaffaron recipes to try next.
Does your family make this differently?
Every family has their own version. Maybe your grandmother adds a secret ingredient, or your aunt has a completely different technique. Preserve your family's version — with their name on it, forever.
You Might Also Like

Baghali Polo (باقالی پلو) — Persian Dill and Fava Bean Rice with Saffron
Persian · Rice Dishes · 95 min

Pasta with Walnut Sauce (پاستا با سس گردو) — Creamy Persian Walnut-Yogurt Pasta
Persian · Main Courses · 35 min

Kashmish Polow (کشمش پلو) — Persian Raisin Rice with Slow-Cooked Lamb
Persian · Rice Dishes · 155 min

Serbian Cheese Gibanica (Гибаница) — Crumpled Filo Pie with White Cheese
Serbian · Appetizers · 65 min

Kazy (Қазы) — Kazakh Horsemeat Rib Sausage
Kazakh · Appetizers · 240 min

Gavurdağı Salad (Gavurdağı Salatası) — Finely Chopped Walnut & Pomegranate Salad
Turkish · Salads · 20 min

Izmir Kofte (İzmir Köfte) — Oven-Baked Meatballs with Tomato Sauce and Potatoes
Turkish · Main Courses · 70 min

Kimbap (김밥) — Korean Seaweed Rice Rolls
Korean · Main Courses · 70 min
Reviews
Cooked this recipe?
Tap the stars to rate it — that's all it takes. A few words are welcome but optional.
No ratings yet. Cooked this one? Be the first to rate it — it takes one tap.