Pkhali (ფხალი) — Georgian Spinach-Walnut Appetizer
Pkhali is a classic Georgian appetizer of finely chopped greens bound with seasoned walnut paste. This spinach version uses khmeli suneli, garlic, herbs, vinegar, and adjika for the bright, earthy flavor served at a Georgian supra.

Printable Recipe Card
Servings: 6 · Total: 35 min · Difficulty: easy
Ingredients (quick list)
- 600 g fresh spinach (large stems removed)
- 180 g walnut halves
- 3 clove garlic
- 1 bunch fresh cilantro (about 35 g leaves and tender stems)
- 0.5 bunch flat-leaf parsley (about 20 g leaves and tender stems)
- 3 scallions (trimmed and roughly chopped)
- 30 ml white wine vinegar
- 30 ml cold water (use only if needed to loosen the walnut paste)
- 2 tsp khmeli suneli
- 1 tsp ground blue fenugreek (utskho suneli, if available)
- 1 tsp ground coriander
- 1 tsp red adjika paste
+ 3 more in the full ingredients section below.
Steps (summary)
- Bring 2 l of water to a rolling boil in a large pot, then add the spinach and cook for 60 seconds until wilted and vivid green.…
- Gather the cooled spinach in handfuls and squeeze very firmly until no more water drips out. Chop the spinach finely with a che…
- Place the walnut halves, garlic, cilantro, parsley, scallions, khmeli suneli, blue fenugreek, coriander, adjika, salt, and blac…
- Add the vinegar and pulse 4 to 6 times until incorporated. If the paste is too stiff to fold through the spinach, add exactly 3…
- Transfer the chopped spinach and walnut paste to a mixing bowl. Knead and fold with a spoon for 2 minutes, pressing the walnut…
- Divide the mixture into 12 equal portions of about 55 g each and shape them into small patties or balls. Press a shallow dimple…
+ 1 more steps in the full instructions section below.
Cultural Background
Pkhali reflects Georgia’s love of walnuts, herbs, and sharp seasoning, a pattern Darra Goldstein highlights in The Georgian Feast. It is a staple of the supra table and also suits Orthodox fasting days because it is naturally plant-based.
Equipment
💡 Tips
- Squeeze the spinach more than you think is necessary; excess water is the main reason pkhali tastes flat and will not hold its shape.
- Use fresh, sweet walnuts and discard any bitter or rancid pieces, because walnuts are the central flavor of this dish.
- For the most traditional texture, chop the greens by hand after blanching rather than pureeing them completely.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
❌ Leaving too much water in the spinach
✅ Fix: Cool the greens quickly, then squeeze them in several small handfuls until they feel compact and dry.
❌ Grinding the pkhali into a baby-food puree
✅ Fix: Process only the walnut paste and chop the spinach separately, then fold them together for a traditional texture.
❌ Using stale walnuts
✅ Fix: Taste the walnuts before cooking and use only sweet, fresh nuts; bitterness will dominate the finished appetizer.
🧊 How to Store
Store pkhali in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days. Serve chilled or let it stand at room temperature for 15 minutes; do not microwave, as heat makes the walnut paste oily and dulls the herbs.
📅 Make Ahead
Blanch and squeeze the spinach up to 24 hours ahead, and refrigerate it tightly covered. The finished pkhali can be shaped 1 day ahead and garnished with pomegranate just before serving.
🍽️ Pairs Well With
- Shotis puri
- mchadi
- tkemali
- pickled vegetables
- grilled eggplant rolls
- cucumber and tomato salad.
Regional Variations
- Imeretian cooks often make pkhali with beet leaves, spinach, cabbage, or leeks using the same walnut-garlic base.
- A beetroot version turns deep magenta and is commonly served beside green spinach pkhali for contrast on a supra table.
- Some households add more adjika for a sharper, red-pepper warmth, while others keep the seasoning mild and herb-forward.
Ingredients
- 600 gfresh spinach (large stems removed)
- 180 gwalnut halves
- 3 clovegarlic
- 1 bunchfresh cilantro (about 35 g leaves and tender stems)
- 0.5 bunchflat-leaf parsley (about 20 g leaves and tender stems)
- 3scallions (trimmed and roughly chopped)
- 30 mlwhite wine vinegar
- 30 mlcold water (use only if needed to loosen the walnut paste)
- 2 tspkhmeli suneli
- 1 tspground blue fenugreek (utskho suneli, if available)
- 1 tspground coriander
- 1 tspred adjika paste
- 6 gfine sea salt
- 0.5 tspground black pepper
- 80 gpomegranate seeds
🔄 Substitutions
- fresh spinach→ beet greens or Swiss chard
- white wine vinegar→ red wine vinegar
- ground blue fenugreek→ additional khmeli suneli
Instructions
- 1
Bring 2 l of water to a rolling boil in a large pot, then add the spinach and cook for 60 seconds until wilted and vivid green. Drain immediately and rinse under cold running water for 45 seconds to stop the cooking.
- 2
Gather the cooled spinach in handfuls and squeeze very firmly until no more water drips out. Chop the spinach finely with a chef’s knife so the finished pkhali holds together without becoming a smooth puree.
- 3
Place the walnut halves, garlic, cilantro, parsley, scallions, khmeli suneli, blue fenugreek, coriander, adjika, salt, and black pepper in a food processor. Pulse in short bursts until the mixture is finely ground and slightly pasty, scraping the bowl twice so the walnut paste is even.
- 4
Add the vinegar and pulse 4 to 6 times until incorporated. If the paste is too stiff to fold through the spinach, add exactly 30 ml cold water and pulse again until the texture is thick, moist, and spreadable.
- 5
Transfer the chopped spinach and walnut paste to a mixing bowl. Knead and fold with a spoon for 2 minutes, pressing the walnut mixture through the greens so the pkhali tastes evenly seasoned in every bite.
- 6
Divide the mixture into 12 equal portions of about 55 g each and shape them into small patties or balls. Press a shallow dimple into the top of each portion and fill the dimples with the pomegranate seeds.
- 7
Chill the pkhali for 30 minutes before serving so the walnut paste firms and the flavors settle. Serve cool, not icy, as part of a Georgian appetizer spread with bread, pickles, and other small dishes.
🪪 Recipe Passport
Cultural Background
Pkhali reflects Georgia’s love of walnuts, herbs, and sharp seasoning, a pattern Darra Goldstein highlights in The Georgian Feast. It is a staple of the supra table and also suits Orthodox fasting days because it is naturally plant-based.
Regional Variations
Researched from multiple sources and validated by the Zaffaron editorial team. Every recipe is tested for accuracy, measurements, and cultural authenticity.
📚 Sources & Cultural References
- Darra Goldstein — The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia — (1993)
- Carla Capalbo — Tasting Georgia: A Food and Wine Journey in the Caucasus — (2017)
Sources cited by the Zaffaron editorial team during recipe research. Cultural and culinary references supporting authenticity claims.
Nutrition per serving
Pairs well with
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